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| Aviation Discussion on the aircraft of WWII. |
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| | #16 |
| Senior Member Join Date: Mar 2005 Location: Aquincum, Pannonia Prima
Posts: 784
| Tell me if I got it right : basically, 1943 P-47D do not have a paddle blade, and are having a top speed of ca 660 km/h / 410 mph at altitude. Beginning January 1944, they start to receive paddle blades, and the conversion becomes widespread in use by April/May 1944. This boosts speed to about 690 km/h / 429mph at critical altitude. Correct ? Or did I get something wrong ? I have to admit, P-47/F4U developments are a bit of a Terra Incognita to me, as far as boost increases/improvements concerned and the date of their implementation.
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| | #17 |
| Senior Member Join Date: Mar 2005
Posts: 679
| dragondog, I did say "late Thunderbolt" for a reason. It wasn't until about mid 1944. The paddle blade increased the performance and climb at all altitudes and not just low and medium. Finally, yes, Bolts struggled with 109's and Fw-190's. There are a lot of encounter reports of out manuevering Fw190 and Me 109 at high altitude where the performance of the D really kicked in - but not so many on the deck - primarily because that's where a lot of 47s were shot down. Actually, I did not say anything about out manuevering the Krauts at higher atitudes. I just said that was where a lot of the combat was taking place which was not the case in the Pacific. Most all shoot downs do not involve out manuevering your opponent. Just getting into place at a moment when he is not aware of you and hitting him with a volley of rounds that cause enough damage or injury to partially disable. (Shock and awe) Then you pour on the lead. Remember that the Bolt was spitting out almost 100 rounds a second. Keep in mind that the Bolt had a 4.6:1 air to air record and lots of Bolts were shot down in high altitude furballs "primarily because" that is where lots of combat was taking place. On an aside, once the 150 grade fuel was in use (44-1), the late war "D" model with paddle blade and water injection was performing at a much higher level than people give it credit. P 47D Performance Test 70Hg - 444mph at 23,200ft 65Hg - 439mph at 25,200ft 65Hg - 3,260 fpm at 10,000ft (yes, that's 65Hg and 10,000ft and not 70Hg and S/L) (the above are all at full combat load) Here's an interesting chart showing relative performance of F4U-1 and P-47 both with water injection: http://www.wwiiaircraftperformance.o...comp-chart.jpg
__________________ August 12, 1944 - In an armor cover mission at the Falaise track, Charlie Rife, 368th FG, 395th FS, takes 37mm fllak rounds to both wings. His wingman, Richard Kik, takes a 20mm round to the engine that knocks out two cylinders. Both make it back. Last edited by Jank; 11-07-2007 at 11:23 PM. |
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| | #18 | |
| Senior Member Join Date: Jun 2006 Location: oregon
Posts: 3,933
| Quote:
Nobody that fought enough 109s at medium altitudes was under any illusions that a 51 would 'easily' out turn it nor could the 51 stay with it in a hard turning climb to the right..back again to the pilot skill factor The Fw190D-9 created total parity with the latest combat ops P-51s and P-47s and the Fw190D-13 would have been better than all but the P-51H at altitude.. ditto Ta152H and the 51H would have been slightly at a disadvantage at normal combat envelopes. With all these fighters at medium altitude pilot skill and tactical advantage would prevail. Since the F4U never made the ETO it is all speculation but fun to think about. Personally I love the Mustang and believe it was most important contributor to daylight Strategic Bombing - but I believe the introduction of the F4U-1 in late 1942 would have made the P-51, P-47 and P-38 un necessary for long range escort in ETO. Last edited by drgondog; 11-03-2007 at 02:55 PM. | |
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| | #19 | |
| Senior Member Join Date: Jun 2006 Location: oregon
Posts: 3,933
| Quote:
As he noted the Paddle Blade was a major performance enhancement for both climb and initial acceleration at all altitudes... and the 150 octane fuel did add to top speeds but was not an instant success when introduced in September timeframe - several Mustangs and Thunderbolts had engine failures early on. Jank - the reason I only noted low to medium altitude performance change for Paddle blade is that was the envelope that a Jug better have an altitude advantage so he could trade energy for speed then get the energy back with a zoom climb.. but do not stick around and turn with the 190 or 109. A 51 was more forgiving because it accelerated and turned better than the Jug at those altitudes - as did the F4U. I haven't cross checked my data yet but you might be interested to know that so far for 8th AF, the 56th FG with all P-47 ops was around 12:1 air to air ratio while all the other groupsMustang groups were in the 5:1 to 15:1 ratios. The lower ratios were for groups like the 356th and 78th (and 20th/55th/364th) that flew something other than 51s for most of their ops... the higher ratios were for dominant Mustang ops (except for 56th) like the 479th, 357th and 361st.. Where groups flew different a/c I will try to break out ratios later for the different a/c. Only the 56th, 357th and 339th flew only one type in 8th AF. This is strictly air to air, does not take into account losses to flak, weather, mechanical or accidents. What I did do is assign an "air loss" where a loss to unknown causes on the MACR was in an area where enemy fighters existed to make sure the air to air ratios were unfairly skewed... where no fighter activity was known the loss remained "unknown-other" I will publish the data on Mike Williams site in near term and here in draft form on another new thread. 9th AF Jugs were far lower because of the nature of tac air combat on the deck. | |
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| | #20 |
| Senior Member Join Date: Feb 2005
Posts: 6,107
| Drgondog, No US fighter in the ETO could turn with the Bf-109 at low to medium altitude, the P-51 wasn't even close, and I'm sure you agree with that but I'm just stating it clearly. Ofcourse the green Bf-109 pilots unwilling to exploit the full potential of their a/c were not very difficult targets, and unfortunately there were many of these within the LW by 1944. Bf-109 armed with gun-pods were also vulnerable and these were equipped on the majority of 109's fighting the bomber streams in 1944-45. As to the FW-190 Dora-9, well it was clearly superior in every aspect of flight compared to the P-51 Mustang at low to medium altitudes, but this superiority diminished as altitude increased, and at typical bomber altitude the P-51 was definitly fit for fight. Go further up passed 32,000 ft and the P-47 Thunderbolt was pretty much unrivalled, even being able to out-turn 109's at this alt. The Ta-152H is the only piston engined fighter of WW2 which would been able to give the P-47 a licking at very high altitudes. Anyway getting on topic: The FW-190 Dora-9 would've proven a match for the F4U-4 at most altititudes, maneuverability I believe would've been roughly the same, the Dora-9 holding a slight advantage in turn rate at high speeds and a more noticable advantage in roll rate at all speeds. The Bf-109 K-4 is superior to the F4U-4 Corsair in everything but roll rate, the K-4 being much more agile in horizontal & vertical maneuvers, easily out-turning & out-climbing the Corsair. The Corsair did have the advantage of better control at high speeds though, something which is VERY valuable as demonstrated by the FW-190 fighting the Spitfire over the channel. And then ofcourse there's the fact that the F4U Corsair was a multiple purpose a/c in the same way as the FW-190 but with better range, making the F4U a MUCH MUCH more versatile single engined fighter than any other fighter of WW2 really. The best Allied fighter of WW2 IMO.
__________________ ![]() It was like being pushed by an Angel! - Adolf Galland I'm an educated engineer, so I love being technical and appraising of great inventions. So if you think I am being biased about something: Tell me! Then you'll probably find out that I am not Last edited by Soren; 11-03-2007 at 03:52 PM. |
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| | #21 |
| Senior Member Join Date: Mar 2005
Posts: 679
| "several Mustangs and Thunderbolts had engine failures early on." I am not aware of R-2800 engine failures. I know the new fuel proved very problematic for the P-51's and to a lesser extent, P-38's and Thunderbolts. There were parallel tests of the new fuel with all three aircraft and the Thunderbolt (now rated at 2,600hp) suffered the fewest issues. (overheating at 70Hg in sustained climbs was one).The Mustangs had their plugs constantly fouling and their maintenance schedules had to be significantly shortened.
__________________ August 12, 1944 - In an armor cover mission at the Falaise track, Charlie Rife, 368th FG, 395th FS, takes 37mm fllak rounds to both wings. His wingman, Richard Kik, takes a 20mm round to the engine that knocks out two cylinders. Both make it back. Last edited by Jank; 11-03-2007 at 04:49 PM. |
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| | #22 |
| Senior Member | Fleet Air Arm Corsairs did meet them on a couple of occasions and came out on top. Of course you can't use the results of a few sorties as definitive proof of which was better, but either way there doesn't seem to be much in it
__________________ "We attack tomorrow under cover of daylight" "Daylight sir?" "Yes it's the last thing they'll be expecting, a daylight charge over the minefield" |
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| | #23 |
| Senior Member Join Date: Mar 2005
Posts: 679
| Problems associated with the use of 150 grade fuel: 150 Grade Fuel P-38 Spark plug leading was increased. The extent of this leading was such that plug change was required after approximately 15 hours flying. This conditions was aggravated considerably by low cruising powers used to and from target areas, while trying to get the maximum range possible. It was found, however, that regular periods of high power running for a minute of two in most cases smoothed out any rough running engines unless the cause was other than leading. P-51 The same type of lead fouling as described in a and b above happened in the case of the P-51 except that is was probably more serious than in either of the other two types. Using 130 grade fuel with 4½ cc. of lead, the average operational P-51 could last 5 missions (roughly 25 hours) before the fouling required plug change. With 150 grade fuel containing 6 cc. of lead, 10 to 12 hours, or normally 2 missions, was the average length of time between spark plug changes or cleaning. At various times in the six months of operation of P-51 aircraft on 150 grade fuel many other maintenance difficulties were attributed to the fuel, but final analysis proved that the only real effect of the fuel was the lead fouling. Some units maintained that they had some deteriorations of seals, but this was not borne our throughout the command, nor was there any concrete evidence that it existed in the units. The excessive fouling of spark plugs usually exhibited itself in roughing up of engines after a couple of hours of low power cruising. Periodic bursts of high power in most cases smoothed the engine out. However, if the engine was allowed to go too long a period without being cleaned out, the accumulation of lead bromide globules successfully withstood any attempts to blow them out. In some instances, long periods of idling while waiting for take-off and a failure to use high power on take off resulted in loss of power during take-off run and in some cases caused complete cutting out with subsequent belly landing. The cases of cutting-out on take-off definitely attributed to excessive fouling were comparatively few, although numerous enough to list it as an effect of the extra lead. As a result of several months operational use with the fuel, an SOP – designed to reduce power failures on take-off, leading troubles in flight, and other things which were causing early returns and abortive aircraft – was published. This is inclosure no. 1. Almost immediately after this section published this SOP practically all of the troubles then existing ceased, although it was necessary to change plugs after each two missions or thereabouts. P-47 Spark plug fouling was the only maintenance difficulty encountered during the period in which 150 grade fuel was used. Spark plug life was reduced by about 50%, the same low power cruising as described above being the principle cause for the extra fouling. No deleterious effects on diaphragms, fuel hose or any other rubber of synthetic rubber materials were noted.
__________________ August 12, 1944 - In an armor cover mission at the Falaise track, Charlie Rife, 368th FG, 395th FS, takes 37mm fllak rounds to both wings. His wingman, Richard Kik, takes a 20mm round to the engine that knocks out two cylinders. Both make it back. Last edited by Jank; 11-03-2007 at 05:12 PM. |
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| | #24 | |
| Senior Member Join Date: Jun 2006 Location: oregon
Posts: 3,933
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| | #25 |
| Senior Member Join Date: Feb 2005
Posts: 6,107
| This is getting beyond ridiculous Bill ! Take a look at the wing loadings, power-loading, span-loading, AR, T/D, CLmax & Cd0 figures for crying out loud ! The P-51 doesn't stand a chance in a turn fight against the Bf-109, and thats reality ! Use what'ever knowledge you have about aerodynamics and you should realize this as-well. You can hear it from veteran as-well as modern 109 & -51 pilots as-well if you want, I can direct you. Here's a preview: YouTube - Skip Holm interview about Bf-109 There! Now you've got it from two guys who fly both a/c. And quit the after action reports at Mike's site, anything can happen in a dogfight and each pilot doesn't know what the other is doing in his own cockpit. Also Mike could've very well handpicked each & every single one of those reports - hence why its a dead end with these after-action reports. In the last debate we had Bill I presented to you my sources and they're still the same, Hermann's books on the FW-190 & Ta-152 series, Willi Reschkes book "Wilde Sau" as-well as LW test pilot Hans Werner Lerches book "LuftWaffe Test Pilot". In these books are the official comparative conclusions drawn by the German fighter arm - read them please ! You want other facts ? Ok how about this; The british test pilot evaluating the Bf-109 had ZERO experience with auto LE slats and VERY little hours if any in the plane he was testing, and like we know it took time to learn to fly the 109 to the limit (Explained by countless LW aces as-well) so why should we even consider the final conclusion as even remotely valid ? Also IIRC the 109G captured by the RAF featured gun-pods. And what about using the right fuel ?? Using the wrong fuel leads to less performance, further putting into doubt the validity of the test. And the same goes for the RAF's comparative flights with their captured FW-190 Jabo, it featured an ETC-501 rack and was running on low power throughout the test, even still it managed to turn with the P-51B ! Note that in German tests the FW-190 proved no match what so ever for the Bf-109 in turning fights [kurvenkampf].
__________________ ![]() It was like being pushed by an Angel! - Adolf Galland I'm an educated engineer, so I love being technical and appraising of great inventions. So if you think I am being biased about something: Tell me! Then you'll probably find out that I am not Last edited by Soren; 11-03-2007 at 07:25 PM. |
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| | #26 |
| Senior Member Join Date: Jun 2006 Location: oregon
Posts: 3,933
| ah, yes you are quite right Last edited by drgondog; 11-03-2007 at 10:04 PM. |
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| | #27 | |
| Senior Member Join Date: Jun 2006 Location: oregon
Posts: 3,933
| Quote:
Quote from Gunther Rall when He was Kommandeur of the Luftwaffe Fighter Leader School while recovering from his May 12 wound. " During this time I had the opportunity to fly the P-51 in two or three mock dogfights with Me109 and Fw190 fighters. This was not extensive experience and certainly I cannot claim any profound knowledge of the P-51 but what impressed me was the comfort in the cockpit, the ease of the electrical starting system, the long endurance of the aircraft and its manueverabilty in a dogfight. However the Me 109 was superior in all steep climbing turns,in which the P-51 had a tendency, when low on speed, to sanp on the outside wing." Page 120 Mustang A Documentary History - Jeffrey Ethell. I Have Personally had this same conversation with Rall, Krupinski and Galland in 1984 (?) Fighter Aces Reunion at Tuscon that included Olds, Whisner and Goodson. All agreed the following points - 1.) 109 a formidable opponent to the 51 in the hands of a real expert.. 2.) 109 always playing catch up to try to offset performance deficiencies of the 109 versus the 51 3.) 109 'evade' manuever is a steep climbing turn 4.) 109 will out turn a 51 low and at low speeds, that 51 jocks must be very cognizant of maintaining energy against 109 at low to medium altitudes. Soren, so far two of your references are 'subjective' opinions of notable LW pilots - one of which didn't even make the comparison you stated. I have presented 1. Two RAF test programs with documented comparisons and opinions expressed as a result of the fighter versus fighter fly offs 2. An Opinion by a noted LW top ace (Rall) - documented and referencable- that makes no claim of 109 superiority (by a MASTER 109 Experten) except for steep climbing turns. 3. Many, many Encounter reports of diving and turning combat in which the P-51 handily out maunuevered the 109 in dive and turn. and, 4. I can produce verifyable operations statistics of P-51s versus Me 109s in which the 51 operated at nearly 9:1 against the 109 for the 355th FG during all of its ops in WWII. What are you going to produce in the way of facts? | |
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| | #28 | |
| Senior Member Join Date: Jun 2006 Location: oregon
Posts: 3,933
| Quote:
I now get why Galland requested a squadron of Spits from Goering - so he could become more equal with RAF? - he just didn't want the horrid experience of flying an airplane (the 109) with so much advantage over the Spit and do the honorable thing of fighting with equal dueling instruments? BTW one of these 'expert witnesses' (the owner - not skip) made the claim that it was all about the leading edge slat but that he only had one hour in the 109. Guess that puts a hole in your theory about taking long hours of training to master the slats? He was obviously a guy well acquainted with the aiplane. I guess you win Soren. How could anybody doubt the credibility of your sources? | |
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| | #29 |
| Banned Join Date: Nov 2007 Location: in my ass
Posts: 7
| The bgfv-109 would win cos of its nahdling and vfersatility. |
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| | #30 |
| Senior Member Join Date: Feb 2005
Posts: 6,107
| LoL ! I knew you'd do everything in your power to try and deny the comments from pilots who actually fly both a/c ! As to comparisons between the 190 & 109, Heinrich Beauvais [Chief LW test-pilot] made it very clear that the 190 was no match what so ever for the 109 in a turn fight. There's a rechlin comparison out there which I don't have access to at the moment [not at home] which describes in detail the differences between both a/c. Heinrich Beauvais also knew that the Spitfire was no better a turnfighter than the 109, he tested both, and he tried to contact Brown after war, Brown refused. As to Hans Werner Lerches book, well read the comparative test between the La-5FN, 109 and 190 for crying out loud ! Again the 109 turns allot better than both. As to Galland's famous comment that he wanted Spits, it was nothing but a simple joke - read his book ! And take a look at BoB stats Bill, the 109's shot down more Spit's & Hurricanes than vice versa. So why have Spits ? Thats right, there'd be no logic in that. And about RAF testing with their captured 190G, I think you shoul talk to Crumpp about - I'll contact him.
__________________ ![]() It was like being pushed by an Angel! - Adolf Galland I'm an educated engineer, so I love being technical and appraising of great inventions. So if you think I am being biased about something: Tell me! Then you'll probably find out that I am not |
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